What are herbaceous peonies?

Herbaceous peonies die back to the ground each winter and regrow in spring. They have high stem counts for cut flower production and are long-lived perennials.

What are tree peonies?

Tree peonies have woody stems that persist through winter, produce large flowers, and are often grown for display rather than high-volume cut flower production.

What are Itoh peonies?

Itoh or intersectional peonies are hybrids of herbaceous and tree peonies. They combine woody sturdiness with strong stems and large, colorful blooms, making them excellent for cut flowers.

Which peony type is best for cut flower production?

Herbaceous and Itoh peonies are ideal for cut flower production due to their strong stems and abundant blooms. Tree peonies are less commonly used for cutting because their stems are shorter.

Herbaceous, Tree, and Itoh Peonies: Key Differences Explained<br/>

If you’re a flower farmer or small-scale grower, knowing the types of peonies is essential for planning your farm, maximizing blooms, and managing care. Peonies come in three main types: herbaceous, tree, and Itoh (intersectional). Each has unique characteristics, and understanding them helps you choose the right varieties for your climate, garden, or cut flower business.

Herbaceous Peonies

Growth Habit: Die back to the ground each winter; regrow from roots in spring
Bloom Time: Typically late spring to early summer
Care Needs: May require staking in a garden setting; deadheading helps maintain appearance. Frequent harvesting for cut flowers eliminates the need for staking.
Cut Flower Use: Excellent for arrangements; high stem count per plant
Pros: Reliable, long-lived (50+ years), and often more affordable
Cons: Stems can flop without support or frequent harvesting

At Tanglebloom Flower Farm, herbaceous peonies form the backbone of our cut flower production. Their predictable bloom and high stem yield make them perfect for flower sales.

Tree Peonies

Growth Habit: Woody perennial; stems do not die back in winter
Bloom Time: Often earlier than herbaceous; large, dramatic flowers
Care Needs: Less staking needed; requires well-drained soil
Cut Flower Use: Limited due to shorter stems; better for display gardens or occasionally for specialty arrangements
Pros: Stunning flowers, long lifespan, strong garden presence
Cons: Slower to establish; stems are not as good for cutting

Tree peonies are often grown for their show-stopping blooms and beauty in display gardens. They’re less commonly used in commercial cut flower production because of shorter stems, but they can be a unique addition for high-end arrangements.

Itoh (Intersectional) Peonies

Growth Habit: Hybrid between herbaceous and tree peonies; plants are usually a little larger
Bloom Time: Mid- to late spring; often later than herbaceous
Care Needs: Similar to herbaceous; less staking due to stronger stems
Cut Flower Use: Excellent — strong stems, vibrant colors, unique bloom forms
Pros: Combines woody sturdiness with herbaceous productivity; long-lived
Cons: Typically more expensive; limited availability; less productive

Itoh peonies are a favorite among specialty growers because they produce large, colorful blooms on strong, cuttable stems. At Tanglebloom, they provide variety for weddings and boutique arrangements, plus a popular favorite for agritourism activities like workshops and u-pick.

Choosing the Right Peony Type for Your Farm

When planning your peony planting, consider:

Purpose: Cut flowers, display, or both
Climate: All types thrive in USDA Zones 3–7, though some tree and Itoh varieties can extend into Zones 8–9 with special care
Space & Maintenance: Herbaceous peonies need staking or frequent harvesting; tree peonies require more space

Take the Next Step

Not sure which peonies to start with on your farm? Watch my free Peony Mini Course to learn how to choose the right varieties, plan your planting, and grow profitable peonies in under 20 minutes.